What Are CIS Controls and Why Do They Matter?

In today’s ever-evolving cyber threat landscape, organisations must take a proactive approach to security. One of the most widely respected frameworks for improving cybersecurity posture is the CIS (Center for Internet Security) Controls. These best practices help businesses protect their data, mitigate risks, and defend against cyberattacks.

But what exactly are CIS Controls, and why should your organisation adopt them?

What Are CIS Controls?

CIS Controls are a set of actionable security recommendations designed to help organisations strengthen their cybersecurity defences. Originally developed by cybersecurity experts and backed by real-world data, these controls provide a prioritised approach to securing IT environments.

The CIS framework is divided into 18 critical security controls, which cover essential security measures such as access control, vulnerability management, and incident response. These controls are updated regularly to address new cyber threats.

Why Are CIS Controls Important?

Adopting CIS Controls can significantly reduce the risk of cyber threats. Here’s why they matter:

  • Industry-Recognised Best Practices – Trusted by governments, businesses, and security professionals worldwide.
  • Scalable for Any Organisation – Whether you're a small business or a large enterprise, CIS Controls offer guidance for any security level.
  • Compliance Support – Helps organisations meet cybersecurity regulations like GDPR, NIST, and ISO 27001.
  • Risk Reduction – Studies show that implementing CIS Controls can prevent up to 85% of common cyberattacks.

The 18 CIS Critical Security Controls

The CIS framework consists of 18 controls, grouped into three categories: Basic, Foundational, and Organisational.

1. Basic Controls (Key Cyber Hygiene – Essential for All Organisations)

  1. Inventory and Control of Enterprise Assets – Keep track of all devices, including laptops, mobile phones, and IoT.
  2. Inventory and Control of Software Assets – Monitor and restrict software applications to reduce vulnerabilities.
  3. Data Protection – Encrypt sensitive data and enforce secure access controls.
  4. Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software – Harden systems by disabling unnecessary services and applying security settings.
  5. Account Management – Limit user privileges and enforce strong authentication methods.
  6. Access Control Management – Implement role-based access control (RBAC) and multi-factor authentication (MFA).
  7. Continuous Vulnerability Management – Regularly scan for security weaknesses and patch vulnerabilities.
  8. Audit Log Management – Maintain and review logs to detect security incidents.

2. Foundational Controls (Strengthen Protection Against Cyber Threats)

  1. Email and Web Browser Protections – Block phishing attempts and restrict access to malicious sites.
  2. Malware Defenses – Use endpoint security tools like antivirus and EDR solutions.
  3. Data Recovery – Maintain secure, offsite backups for business continuity.
  4. Network Infrastructure Management – Secure network devices like firewalls, routers, and switches.
  5. Security Awareness and Skills Training – Educate employees on cyber threats and best practices.

3. Organisational Controls (Advanced Security Measures for Mature Cybersecurity Programs)

  1. Security Operations Center (SOC) and Incident Response – Establish monitoring and incident response capabilities.
  2. Penetration Testing – Conduct ethical hacking tests to identify security gaps.
  3. Application Software Security – Secure custom-built and third-party software.
  4. Data Security – Protect sensitive information with encryption and access controls.
  5. Security Management and Governance – Align security strategies with business goals and ensure compliance.

How to Implement CIS Controls in Your Organisation

Getting started with CIS Controls doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Here’s a simple roadmap:

  1. Assess Your Current Security Posture – Conduct a security audit to identify gaps.
  2. Prioritise the Basic Controls – Start with inventory management, data protection, and access control.
  3. Gradually Implement Foundational and Organisational Controls – As your security matures, introduce more advanced measures.
  4. Regularly Update and Monitor – Cyber threats evolve, so ongoing assessment and updates are crucial.

Final Thoughts

CIS Controls provide a structured and effective way to enhance cybersecurity for any organisation. Whether you're a startup or a large enterprise, following these best practices can significantly reduce risks and improve overall security resilience.

Want to strengthen your organisation’s security? Get in touch to explore how we can help implement CIS Controls effectively.